Influence of women’s workforce participation and pensions on total fertility rate: a theoretical and econometric study
Authors
Evan, T.; Vozárová, P.
Year
2018
Published
Euroasian Economic Review. 2018, 8(1), 51-72. ISSN 2147-429X.
Type
Article
Departments
Annotation
This paper explores the influence of the two historical and arguably most important correlates of fertility, i.e. female labor participation and pensions. We confirm the long-established negative impact of government provided pensions and all other welfare state social policies except pro-family ones on fertility between 1990 and 2013 in OECD countries. We also claim the reports about positive correlation between female labor participation and fertility, which caused a recent upsurge in research, to be spurious. Our results show a statistically insignificant relationship as a result of pro-family policies designed to offset the negative impact of female labor participation. We conclude that current societies in developed countries continue to have an unsustainable level of reproduction to an extent allowing depopulation, largely due to high and ever increasing female labor participation and a high level of social expenditure, particularly on pensions. We suggest an alternative set of pro-family and pro-natality policies and a decrease in social expenditure as a possible solution.
Some effects of Intellectual property protection on national economies: theoretical and econometric study
Authors
Evan, T.; Vozárová, P.; Bolotov, I.
Year
2018
Published
Prague Economic Papers. 2018, 27(1), 73-91. ISSN 1210-0455.
Type
Article
Departments
Annotation
This paper aims to theoretically derive and afterwards econometrically assess the impact of intellectual property protection (IPP) on national economies. The authors’ main hypothesis is that by creating a form of non-market protection, IPP limits free competition and has no positive effects on national economies and the world economy in general. The hypothesis is tested through estimation of relationship between charges for the use of intellectual property and 1) gross domestic product, 2) GDP growth, 3) unemployment, 4) exports of high-tech products, 5) FDI outflow, and 6) expenses on research and development in a panel dataset of 146 countries in years 2005–2014 based Arellano-Bond estimator for dynamic panel models. The data tells us that changes in these charges have not a significant impact on the studied indicators, which
counts against claims of positive impact of IPP on economies and growth.