Ing. Jana Vacková, Ph.D.

Stať ve sborníku

10.1007/978-3-031-85703-4_23

Katedra aplikované matematiky

A model for simulating pedestrian recreational movement along a tourist trail is introduced. The model reduces the two-dimensional nature of bidirectional flow to one dimension while preserving the inter-agent interaction and density-induced velocity reduction. This is achieved by applying kernel estimates of pedestrian density to describe the pedestrian mass in the perceived surroundings of an agent. The applicability of the model is investigated by means of numerical simulations using three speed distribution scenarios and three arrival rate scenarios. The simulation results are in correspondence with expectations and recommendations related to capacity for day-use facilities in national parks (pedestrian level of service D). The model mimics the expected trail capacity behaviour represented by arrival rate, leading to speed deterioration and stoppages. Heterogeneity of the agents similarly as non-homogeneity of arrival rate leads to clogging at smaller average arrival rates.

Článek

10.1038/s41598-024-63549-z

Katedra aplikované matematiky

Men with writing proficiency enjoyed a privileged position in ancient Egyptian society in the third millennium BC. Research focusing on these officials of elevated social status ("scribes") usually concentrates on their titles, scribal statues, iconography, etc., but the individuals themselves, and their skeletal remains, have been neglected. The aim of this study is to reveal whether repetitive tasks and maintained postures related to scribal activity can manifest in skeletal changes and identify possible occupational risk factors. A total of 1767 items including entheseal changes, non-metric traits, and degenerative changes were recorded from the human remains of 69 adult males of well-defined social status categories from the necropolis at Abusir (2700-2180 BC). Statistically significant differences between the scribes and the reference group attested a higher incidence of changes in scribes and manifested themselves especially in the occurrence of osteoarthritis of the joints. Our research reveals that remaining in a cross-legged sitting or kneeling position for extended periods, and the repetitive tasks related to writing and the adjusting of the rush pens during scribal activity, caused the extreme overloading of the jaw, neck and shoulder regions.